Flora and Fauna of Machu Picchu

Ultima actualización en 5 November, 2024 por Waman Adventures

Last Updated on 5 November, 2024 by Waman Adventures

Embark on a journey through time and nature as you discover Machu Picchu! where the grandeur of Inca constructions blends harmoniously with the exuberant biodiversity that surrounds this historic sanctuary. Beyond its imposing structures, Machu Picchu is a treasure trove of life, home to a rich variety of flora and fauna that has captivated explorers and travelers for centuries. In this introduction with Waman Adventures, we will immerse ourselves in the fascinating world of Machu Picchu’s flora and fauna, exploring the importance of this sanctuary as an emblematic ecosystem, and discovering the natural beauty that makes it a unique place in the world.

WHAT IS MACHU PICCHU?

The Citadel of Machu Picchu, also known as “The Lost City of the Incas”, is the most important archaeological complex in Inca history and culture. The entire citadel stands out for its remarkable architecture, size, and engineering.

Machu Picchu awaits for you

LOCATION OF MACHU PICCHU

It is strategically located 80 km (50 miles) northwest of the city of Cusco – Peru, bordering the Andes and the high jungle of Cusco. This is the reason for its great combination with the emerging nature of the place. This has achieved that the complex is located between dense forests that will present us the opportunity to know its great diversity.

THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF MACHU PICCHU

INTRODUCTION TO MACHU PICCHU’S BIODIVERSITY

The historic sanctuary of Machu Picchu is not only a great archaeological complex that stands out for its impressive Inca constructions, but also a great natural area of biodiversity of 32,000 hectares, hosting a great variety of habitats such as cloud forests, high altitude grasslands and wetlands. These very important aspects give it its value and national and global importance, obtaining the following designations:

• Emblematic Natural Area of biodiversity protected since January 8, 1981.
• Recognized by UNESCO as a World Mixed Heritage of Humanity in 1983.

FLORA OF MACHU PICCHU

Before being discovered and restored, Machu Picchu was surrounded by indigenous plants and trees, which remain a vital part of the tourist attraction today. This unique combination creates a special contrast that sets it apart from any other archaeological center.

Trees: the trees in the archaeological complex of Machu Picchu are varied, which is why we must highlight the native tree species such as the Q’euña (Polylepis Australis), cedar (Cedrus), alder (Alnus Glutinosay), pisonay (Erythrina edulis), species that have existed in the area long before the Incas and have survived through the passage of time and buildings.

The Inca Trail takes you to visit the world wonder, Machu Picchu.

Orchids: as for the beautiful orchids that we can find, it is believed that Machu Picchu has about 400 registered species, of which many were recently discovered and classified by science. Which was made known to the public thanks to the publication N°15 of the specialized scientific journal Icones Orchidacearum in 2015.

SACRED PLANTS AND THEIR MEANING IN THE INCA CULTURE

In the sanctuary of Machu Picchu are also sacred plants for the Incas and the Andean culture, as it has healing and religious properties, whose importance is still alive in the Peruvian population, who use these elements for medicinal baths, hunting remedies and religious ceremonies, a relic that was passed from generation to generation.

COCA

The plant that is native to the Andean geography is considered the most sacred by the Inca culture. It has been and still is used in rituals of utmost importance, such as offerings to the Sun God and Pachamama, two deities that are still respected in the Inca community. Today, it is used to request favors from the “Apus Tutelares”, who govern the mountains and snowy regions. It is an essential component of sacred rituals in the high Andean culture.

La coca and its great mystical value in the Andean context.

Note: it also serves to lessen the symptoms of the famous altitude sickness, which is a great regret for many travelers who are not accustomed to such high altitudes, and can be taken as a filter, pills or candy.

THE MUÑA

This plant is also native to Peru and fulfills a similar function to the coca leaf, however, its properties go beyond just relieving the discomfort of altitude sickness, because they can also help you with some stomach problems that you may suffer because of some dizziness or ingested food. It has a high healing value thanks to its calcium and phosphorus content.

The muña will be your great ally in case of any stomach incident.

FAUNA OF MACHU PICCHU

COCK OF THE ROCK

The most representative bird of Peru stands out for its colorful red-orange plumage with black in males and its disc-shaped protuberance. It has its unique image in the world, so during your trip to Machu Picchu you can have the opportunity to find it and take some incredible pictures.

The national bird of Peru

Hummingbirds

Thanks to its proximity to the Peruvian Amazon and the inter-Andean zone, it has generated different floors and ecosystems throughout its territory, resulting in an ideal habitat for more than 400 species of hummingbirds.

Sword-billed Hummingbird on the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FLORA AND FAUNA

During your journey to Machu Picchu either by trails such as the Inca Trail or through the train service, you will be able to observe and feel the different microclimates and vegetation along your journey. This is why you should be ready to take the best pictures of the different floral species or animals that you can find.

Choose your best option and enjoy the journey to know Machu Picchu.

FLORA AND FAUNA OF MACHU PICCHU BY THE INCA TRAIL

The best option if you are a nature lover and want to know more in-depth all that this trail can offer because this path is characterized for having been part of the famous “Qhapaq Ñan”. During your journey through this trail, you will discover the great diversity of flora and fauna that only a visit to Machu Picchu can offer you, you will be able to observe a great diversity of hummingbirds, the possibility of seeing the only spectacled bear and Peru’s flag bird, the famous cock of the rock.

Avoid disturbing all the fauna during the trek

FLORA AND FAUNA OF MACHU PICCHU (ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX)

During your visit to the famous Inca citadel, especially in the rainy season, you will observe the peak of the vegetation, being able to observe its colors and blooms. If you are observant, you will be able to see small lizards and reptiles on the walls that will blend in with the environment.

During your visit to Machu Picchu, you will be able to see llamas in their natural habitat in the open air.

CONSERVATION AND THREATS

CONSERVATION INITIATIVES IN MACHU PICCHU AND ITS SURROUNDINGS

In previous years the visit and tour of the citadel of Machu Picchu was more permissive (no limit of travelers per day), however, it was observed that there was a wear to the land and buildings, which is why today the Peruvian state, proposed a more comprehensive control of entry to the complex, both by direct route and by the Inca Trail.

• Conservation and Protection: Stricter conservation measures have been established, such as limiting the number of daily visitors, delimited trails, and environmental education programs for tourists. In addition, vigilance has been intensified to prevent poaching and illegal extraction of plant species.
• Habitat Restoration: Reforestation programs and restoration of damaged ecosystems have been carried out to recover degraded areas, promoting the recovery of native flora and the improvement of habitats for local fauna.
• Scientific Research: The promotion of scientific research has allowed for a better understanding of biodiversity in Machu Picchu. These studies have provided crucial information on species, their habitats and interactions between flora and fauna, which contributes to better conservation strategies.
• Community Participation: Local communities have actively participated in conservation and sustainable development programs, getting involved in decisions that affect the area, promoting a more inclusive and sustainable management approach.
• Awareness and Education: Efforts have been made to raise awareness among both visitors and local communities about the importance of conservation. This includes educational campaigns on the protection of endangered species and the promotion of sustainable practices.
• International Partnerships: Collaboration with international organizations and government agencies has provided access to resources, expertise and funding for long-term conservation programs.

Choose the circuit of your preference and enjoy your own experiences.

MAIN THREATS TO LOCAL FLORA AND FAUNA (TOURISM, CLIMATE CHANGE, ETC.)

• Uncontrolled tourism: The continuous increase in tourism can cause negative impacts such as soil erosion, pollution, disturbance of natural habitats, and disturbance of wildlife behavior. The transit of visitors on unauthorized trails can damage plant species and affect wildlife reproduction.
• Habitat Loss: Urban growth and the expansion of tourism infrastructure can reduce the natural spaces available for native flora and fauna. This limits the habitats and migratory routes of species, leading to the fragmentation of ecosystems and a decrease in biological diversity.
• Climate Change: Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme phenomena such as droughts or floods can adversely impact Machu Picchu’s flora and fauna. These changes can alter the life cycles of species, their geographic distribution, and the availability of resources.
• Invasive Species: The introduction of non-native species can compete with local species for resources, displace them, and modify ecosystems. These invasions can affect natural dynamics and lead to the extinction of endemic species.
• Pollution: Increased litter and air and water pollution due to tourism and urban activities can damage ecosystems and affect the health of local fauna and flora.
• Exploitation of Natural Resources: Illegal plant extraction, poaching and unsustainable fishing threaten biodiversity, diminishing the population of species valuable to the ecological balance.

TIPS FOR TRAVELERS INTERESTED IN NATURE

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPRECIATING AND RESPECTING BIODIVERSITY DURING YOUR VISIT TO MACHU PICCHU

Follow the Rules: respect the rules and regulations established for the visit to Machu Picchu. Follow the indications of the guides, avoid passing through restricted areas and respect the schedules and restrictions imposed to protect the flora and fauna.

Be part of the change and follow all the instructions of our professionals.

Keep to the Trails: Walk only on designated and marked trails. Avoid stepping on the surrounding vegetation and respect the signs that indicate protection zones or restricted access. Not only would you be threatening nature, but you would also be putting your safety at risk.

It is crucial to consider the safety guidelines for any of these hikes.

Do not disturb the wildlife: Observe the animals from a distance and avoid interfering with their natural behavior. Do not feed the animals or try to touch them, as this may affect their health and behavior (they may suffer defensive attacks).

Avoid Litter: Carry a garbage bag with you and collect your waste, including wrappers, bottles, and other materials. Do not leave garbage in the area, as it can damage ecosystems and wildlife.

Take care of Natural Resources: Use biodegradable and recyclable products, such as reusable bottles instead of disposable plastics. Conserve water and energy during your stay to reduce your environmental footprint.

Photograph Responsibly: If you take photographs, do so without using flash near wildlife, as this can frighten the animals and alter their behavior. Do not use drones or other devices that may disturb the tranquility of the wildlife.

Take a lot of photographs of your journey to Machu Picchu

Educate and Share: Learn about biodiversity before your visit and share that knowledge with other travelers. Promote respect for nature among your fellow travelers to create a culture of conservation.

Support Conservation: Consider contributing to conservation programs and local projects that promote the care of Machu Picchu’s flora and fauna. Your support can make a difference in the preservation of this important natural heritage.

A tour guide plays an essential role in the safety, education and experience of hikers on the Short Inca Trail.

CONCLUSION ABOUT THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF MACHU PICCHU AND ITS IMPORTANCE.

Visiting Machu Picchu is an enriching experience that immerses us in the majesty of nature and the grandeur of an ancient civilization. However, along with the thrill of exploring this iconic site comes the responsibility of preserving its valuable flora and fauna for future generations.

In conclusion, every step we take at Machu Picchu is crucial to its conservation. By respecting the regulations, caring for the ecosystems, and being conscious of our actions, we can guarantee the protection of this natural wonder. It is fundamental to understand that our visit should not leave a destructive footprint, but rather a legacy of respect and conservation.

When visiting Machu Picchu, let us commit to:

• Respect and Preserve: Adopt responsible practices to appreciate biodiversity without interfering with natural ecosystems.
• Educate and Share: Transmit the knowledge acquired about the importance of conserving the flora and fauna of Machu Picchu to other travelers.
• Support Conservation: Contribute to conservation programs and local projects that promote care for the historic sanctuary.
• Promote Sustainability: Encourage sustainable practices both during the visit and in daily life, minimizing environmental impact.

Follow these tips and be part of the change and conservation of this jewel of history. As you say goodbye to the majesty of Machu Picchu, take with you the indelible mark of its unique biodiversity. Each plant, each animal, has told us stories of survival and adaptation in a magical and ancestral environment. Always remember the value of preserving this natural legacy for future generations. May our farewell be a commitment: to preserve the flora and fauna of this historic sanctuary, so that its splendor will last forever. See you soon, Machu Picchu!